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PSYLLID MORPHOLOGY
This
page is created and maintained by Diana M.
Percy
All images, unless
otherwise noted, are copyright © Diana M. Percy
Adults
There are six psyllid families (Calophyidae, Carsidaridae, Homotomidae, Phacopteronidae, Psyllidae, Triozidae). Each family has a number of signature morphological characters. [This page is under construction, below are some general psyllid adult and nymphal illustrations and character descriptions].
Morphological terminology follows Brown & Hodkinson 1988, Hodkinson & White 1979, Ossiannilsson 1992, Percy 2003, White & Hodkinson 1982, 1985. Detailed description of the psyllid thorax can be found in Ouvrard et al. 2002.
Forewing (typical Psyllidae type forewing) |
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| Head
and Thorax Redrawn from Ossiannilsson 1992 |
Genitalia Redrawn from Ossiannilsson 1992 |
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| Hind
leg |
variation
in ovipositor valve shape in some legume-feeding psyllids (Psyllidae) |
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Nymphs
There are five nymphal stages. Nymphs have very different morphologies to adults. They are wingless but have both forewing and hindwing pads. Structure and setal characters can be used for identification.
5th Instar Nymph (a fairly typical Psyllidae type (Livilla), showing placement of some diagnostic setae)
|
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| some
nymphal setal types |
nymphal
anal rings and pore regions can be simple or elaborate Redrawn from Ossiannilsson 1992 |
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Triozidae
| typical
Triozidae adult forewing type (with trifurcation of veins R+M+Cu1)
and absence of pterostigma |
typical
Triozidae nymph with nymphal forewing pads extended anteriorly into
humeral lobes |
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Brown RG, Hodkinson ID. 1988. Taxonomy and ecology of the jumping plant-lice of Panama (Homoptera: Psylloidea). Entomonograph 9: 1-304.
Hodkinson ID, White IM. 1979. Homoptera: Psylloidea. Handbook for the Identification of British Insects 2(5a): 1-98.
Ossiannilsson F. 1992. The Psylloidea (Homoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 29: 1-346.
Ouvrard D, Bourgoin, Campbell, BC. 2002. Comparative morphological assessment of the psyllid pleuron (Insects, Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha). Journal of Morphology 252: 276-290.
Percy, DM. 2003. Legume-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) of the Canary Islands and Madeira. Journal of Natural History 37: 397-461.
White IM, Hodkinson ID. 1985. Nymphal taxonomy and systematics of the Psylloidea (Homoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 50: 153-301.
White IM, Hodkinson ID. 1982. Psylloidea (Nymphal Stages). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 2(5b): 1-50.
Go to: psyllid Home page, psyllid acoustics, psyllid morphology, Macaronesian island psyllids, Pacific island psyllids, psyllids of economic importance
All images, unless otherwise noted, are copyright © Diana M. Percy
Created 2000. Updated 20/01/2005. Return to top of page
psyllids of economic importance
psyllid taxonomy, host plants, and bibliography site by David Ouvrard et al
